从属连词 状语从句
1、重点常识总结及解说
(一)从属连词
从属连词是引导状语从句,宾语从句及其他从句的连词。
1.引导状语从句的从属连词有:
1)when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等,引导时间状语从句。
2)because, as, since等引导缘由状语从句。
3)if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。
4)though, although引导让步状语从句。
5)sothat, suchthat等引导结果状语从句。
6)so that引导目的状语从句。
7)as?as?;than等引导比较状语从句。
2.常用从属连词的辨析
1)when, as, while
when, as, while都表示当的时候,但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以先后发生,when既可指时间点,也可指一段时间,所以既可引导一短暂动作动词,也可引导持续性动作的动词。
用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生,不指先后,尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如:As I looked, someone came near.(正当我看的时候,有个人走上前来。)as还可说咱两种正进步或变化的状况,意为伴随。如:As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.(伴随春回大地,百花开始绽放。)表示主从句动作同时,as意为一边一边。如:He hurried home, looking behind as he went.(他匆匆忙忙跑回家,一边走一边回头望。)
while只指一段时间,从句中的谓语动词不可以用终止性动词,强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生,常对相同种类的动作进行对比。如:While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.(大家在等车时,天正下着大雨。)
2)till和until
till和until都表示直到为止。主句用延续性动词,主句和从句都用一定式:意为直到才。主句用终止性动词,从句用一定式,主句用否定式。until较till正式,until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。
比如:
She wont go away till you promise to help her.
直到你许诺要帮助她,她才走开。
Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened.
直到你告诉我,我才了解出了什么事。
3)since
since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时,其主句一般用目前完成时。
比如:
Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school.
从吉姆毕业起,他在这家工厂工作两年了。
(二)状语从句
修饰主句中的谓语动词,形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。
比如:
He didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.(修饰动词go)
昨天他没去上学,由于他病了。
We must study so well as our teacher hoped.(修饰副词well)
大家应该学得你大家老师期望的那样好。
Lucy is younger than Jim(is)。(修饰形容词younger)
露茜比吉姆年轻。
状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分,即陈述句的语序。
状语从句的地方,可以放在主句前面或后面,但若放在主句前面,要用逗号与主句分开;主句如果是疑问句,那样时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。
1)时间状语从句
时间状语从句由when, while, after, before, since, as soon as, till, until等连词引导。
比如:
I went to bed after the TV play was ever.
电视剧完了将来我上床睡觉。
Could you look after her while were away?
大家不在时你能照顾她吗?
She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.
自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。
Wait until I come back.
请你等到我回来。
注意:
如主句是一般以后时,则表示以后的时间状语只用一般目前时。
比如:
Ill write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就将写信给你。
It will get warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春季到来时,天气将变得愈加暖和。
2)缘由状语从句
缘由状语从句由because, as, since等连词引导。
比如:
He sold the car because it was too small.
他卖掉那辆小汽车,由于它太小了。
Since you wont help me, I must do the job myself.
你既然不帮我忙,我需要自己做这项工作。
As my mother is away at this moment, I have to look after my younger sister.
因为我的母亲目前不在,我不能不照顾我的妹妹。
注意:
a)because, as, since, for的使用方法辨析
because, as, since, for都是表示各种理由的连词,但because多表示所叙述的原因是本句的重点,故because所引导的从句常放在句末。
比如:
Why was he absent? Because he was badly ill.
他为何缺度?由于他病得非常重。
as, since用于表示理由是已知,而理由以外才是叙述的重点,两者皆多用于句首,但应该注意since重形式,as多表示理由以外的才是重点。
比如:
As it is raining, lets stay as home.
由于下雨,大家就留在家吧。
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.
由于你没驾驶执照,所以你不能开车。
for不需要于句首,而用于主句之后,补充说明理由;主句表推断时,用for说明缘由。
比如:
Ill follow his advice, for he is a doctor.
我会听从他的劝告,由于他是大夫。
b)because of也是表示缘由状语,但后面只能跟短语。
比如:
I stayed at home because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好我留在家。
3)比较状语从句
比较状语从句由than或as来引导。
比如:
I feel better now than (I was) before.
我目前感觉比以前好了。
He writes as well as you (do).
他写得和你一样好。
This problem is more difficult than that one (is).
这道题比那道题难。
4)条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if, unless(= if not)算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般目前时表示以后。
比如:
I shall go if he asks me.
假如他请我,我就去。
I shant go unless he asks me.
除非他请我,不然我是不去的。
I shall go, whether he asks me or not.
不管他请不请我,我都要去。
Come with me if you have time.
假如你有空闲请跟我来。
I want to watch a basketball match if Im well tonight.
假如今晚我好了的话,我要看一场篮球赛。
由and连接的简单句,可以用条件状语从句来改写。
比如:
Run faster and youll catch up with him.
跑快点儿你就会赶上他。
=If you run faster, youll catch up with him.
假如你跑得快点,你就会赶上他。
5)结果状语从句
结果状语从句由so that, so that引导。
比如:
He has lost his bike so that he cant come to school on time.(结果状语)
他去了自行车,所以不可以按时到校。
Your shirt were so dirty that you must wash it.(结果状语)
你的衬衫这么脏,你应该把它洗洗。
注意:
由sothat引导的状语从句如果是表示否定意思,可以用tooto(太而不可以)来替换。
比如:
She was so angry that she could not say a word.
=She was too angry to say a word.
她气得说不出话来。
6)让步状语从句
让步状语从句一般用though(虽然)、although(虽然)、even though(即便)引导。
比如:
Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful.
他虽然努力尝试,但没成功。
He went on working though it was very late.
虽然非常晚了,他还在继续工作。
注意:
1.汉语中的虽然但在英语中用连词though就能了,或单独用but连接两个并列句也可以,但不可以在一个句子中同时用这两个连词(主句前不需要连词)。
比如:
虽然我非常喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿,但她不让我干。这个句子大家可以用下面两种办法来表达。
Though I like looking after my sisters baby, she doesnt let me do it.
I like looking after my sisters baby, but she doesnt let me do it.
=though可以与yet连用,这里yet虽然意思与but相同,但yet不是连词,而是副词。
比如:
Though it was cold, yet he went out without a coat.
虽然非常冷,但他没穿外衣就出去了。
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